![]() The condenser forms a cone of illumination that bathes the specimen, located on the microscope stage, and subsequently enters the objective. Also stationed in the microscope base is a series of filters that condition the light emitted by the incandescent lamp before it is reflected by a mirror and passed through the field diaphragm and into the substage condenser. Illumination is provided by a tungsten-halogen lamp positioned in the lamphouse, which emits light that first passes through a collector lens and then into an optical pathway in the microscope base. Presented in Figure 1 is a typical microscope equipped with a trinocular head and 35-millimeter camera system for recording photomicrographs. The intensity of illumination and orientation of light pathways throughout the microscope can be controlled with strategically placed diaphragms, mirrors, prisms, beamsplitters, and other optical elements to achieve the desired degree of brightness and contrast in the specimen. ![]() Most microscopes provide a translation mechanism attached to the stage that allows the microscopist to accurately position, orient, and focus the specimen to optimize visualization and recording of images.
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